Korean - Forming A Letter

There are two ways to form a letter using any combination of 14 consonants and 10 vowels.

1. initial consonant + vowel

2. initial consonant + vowel + final consonant

1. Examples

가 = ㄱ + ㅏ = ga

너 = ㄴ + ㅓ = neo

도 = ㄷ + ㅗ = do

루 = ㄹ + ㅜ = lu/ru

므 = ㅁ + ㅡ = meu

비 = ㅂ + ㅣ = bi

2. Examples

각 = ㄱ + ㅏ + ㄱ = gag

넌= ㄴ + ㅓ + ㄴ = neon

돗 = ㄷ + ㅗ + ㅅ = dod

를 = ㄹ + ㅡ + ㄹ = leul/reul

쟁 = ㅈ + ㅐ + ㅇ = jaeng

Letters with final consonants of ㄱ, ㄲ and ㅋ, all sound the same. Thus 각, 갂 and 갘 will sound exactly the same.

Eg. 국, 엌, 밖 Their final consonants all sound the same.

Now, below is a list of the final consonants and their respective sounds.

ㄱ/ㄲ/ㅋ = ㄱ

ㅂ/ㅃ/ㅍ = ㅂ

ㄷ/ㅌ/ㅅ/ㅆ/ㅈ/ㅊ/ㅎ = ㄷ

ㄴ= ㄴ

ㄹ= ㄹ

ㅁ= ㅁ

ㅇ= ㅇ

Eg.

낚시 [낙시] = fishing

부엌 [부억] = kitchen

앞 [압] = front

씨앗 [씨앋] = seed

낮 [낟] = day

When the initial consonant of second and/or third characters is ㅇ, for example, 돌이 and 만악이, the sound of the final consonant of each letter is pronounced with the next vowel. Because ㅇ has no sound, 돌이 is pronounced as 도리 and 만악이 as 마나기. These are just made-up words to show you how these work.

돌이[도리]

만악이[마나기]

쌍받침[Final double consonants]

There are also 11 additional final double consonants. Their sounds are as follows. As you can see, the first consonant of the double consonants is pronounced. (except ㄺ = ㄱ,ㄻ = ㅁ and ㄿ = ㅂ) I do not recommend that you learn these exhaustively right away because that is a hard work and I rarely employed them in my grammar lessons anyway. So it would be better to come back to these when you come across them from time to time.

ㄳ = ㄱ

ㄵ = ㄴ

ㄶ = ㄴ

ㄺ = ㄱ

ㄻ = ㅁ

ㄼ = ㄹ

ㄽ = ㄹ

ㄾ = ㄹ

ㄿ = ㅂ

ㅀ = ㄹ

ㅄ = ㅂ

Eg.

삯 [삭] = amount

앉다 [안따] = sit

많다 [만타] = many

읽다 [익따] = read

삶다 [삼따] = boil

넓다 [널따] = spacious

외곬 [외골] = a single way

핥다 [할따] = lick

읊다 [읍따] = recite (a poem)

잃다 [일타] = lose (a thing)

값 [갑] = price

From Mr.Park: I also recommend listening to Korean audios and videos and try matching the sounds with the letters. That would be the quickest way to learn accurate pronunciations. 

"SPECIAL THANKS TO MR.LUKE PARK" Everyone! This is for sharing purposes only :)